Showing posts with label Ontario. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Ontario. Show all posts

Saturday, 3 April 2021

Quaker Ancestors: Canadian Friends Historical Association

 Do you have a Quaker ancestor? Then you might want to bookmark the Canadian Friends Historical Association's website. This great website has a wealth of information on the early history of Quakers in Canada. According to the website, Quakers started migrating into Upper Canada in the 1790s. Those who were in Dutchess County, NY settled around the Bay of Quinte. Quakers from New Jersey and Pennsylvania migrated mainly to the Niagara region. Before this, Quakers also migrated into Atlantic Canada. When Canada started expanding settlement to the West, Quaker settlements started appearing. The Canadian Friends Historical Association (cfha) has records focusing mainly on Upper Canada and the US Staes they came from.

https://cfha.info/



 To explore their site, click on tabs on the top right of the screen and follow the drop down menus. I'm going to focus on some of the sections in the WHAT WE DO drop down menu.


Who Are the Quakers?
If finding Quakers among your ancestors comes as a surprise to you, then this page is for you. There are 9 informative panels giving a general overview of Quaker history. You can view each panel separately, or download it as a PDF here.

Below the panel is a general overview of Canadian Quaker history specifically. For instance, did you know that after the Acadian Expulsion in 1755, the Friends of Philadelphia stepped in to help banished Acadians?


Publications
This section has several subsections that will be of interest. All are PDF downloads.
  • Research Papers - These papers highlight individual Quakers, Loyalist Quakers, and aspects of the Quaker faith. If your ancestry is connected to a fellow by the name of Timothy Rogers Jr., there is an interesting read called Timothy Rogers Jr: Quaker to Slave Master.

  • The Meeting House - The newsletter of the chfa. Check out the section called "Transcription Tidbits". You might just find a mention of your ancestor.

  • Canadian Quaker History Journal - First published semi annually, then annually. This section has issues 46 to 81. You can view full issues from 46 to 68. Issues 69 to 81 have table of contents, that provide links to individual articles. I found issue number 68 especially interesting. It was an entire issue devoted to Quaker and the Penal System.

  • Newsletters from 1972 to 1988, 1998 to 2005 - Before the Journal listed above, the publication was in newsletter form. This is where you will find issues 1 to 45. 




Transcriptions
This is the section you really want to look at. Here there are PDF transcriptions of Meeting Minutes, Journals/Diaries, Letters, and Memorials. The Meeting Minutes are by far the largest part of this section.

US
  • Muncy Monthly Meeting, PA - spans the years 1797-1834
  • Nine Partners Meeting, NY - spans the years 1779-1897
  • Ferrisburg Monthly Meeting VT - spans 1793-1816
Upper Canada
  • Pre 1828 Separation - various areas, spanning as early as 1739 to the late 1800s
  • Half Yearly Meeting - spans 1810-1864
  • Orthodox Meetings - various areas, spanning form the the early 1800s to the mid 20th century
  • Hicksite Meetings - various areas, spanning from the early 1800s to the mid 20th century
  • Canadian Meeting Outside Ontario - Bordon SK, spanning 1918-1983. There is also transcriptions of Epistles received from the Fritchley, England Society of Friends

Below the links to the various transcriptions are brief histories of the different areas covered.



Don't forget to check out their blog as well. Just a few day ago, they posted about the Quakers around Argenta BC. 

The transcriptions and digitization by the cfha are ongoing. If you found something on their site to further your research, thank them by making a donation. Even better, become a member to keep up to date on all the work they do. You can access their membership application here.

Sunday, 25 October 2020

Ontario Ancestors: School and Teacher Directories on Internet Archive

 I can't say enough good things about Internet Archive. For the genealogist on a budget, it is a great resource for finding sources that go beyond Census records and BMD's. The trick to using it though is patience. Because of the huge amount of material on there, you will have to try various search terms to find what you want.

The recent reopening of schools in Canada are in news headlines. I consider myself thankful that I don't have to make the hard decision on whether or not to send a child to school. So I decided this week to see what I could find on Internet Archive relating to schools. As always, I was able to find an interesting resource. If your Ontario ancestor was involved in education, then you'll want to look at Internet Archive's selection of School and Teacher Directories.


Similar to City and County Directories, these publications were put out by the Ontario Department of Education. Internet Archive by no means has a complete collection, but they range from as early as 1911 and as late as the 1950's. What a gold mine of information these can contain on your ancestor! Take a look at this page for principals and assistants for Lindsay, Ontario in 1931


Just look at the information for Edith F Gerrish

  • Graduated with a B.A. from McMaster University
  • Specialized in Classics
  • Elementary/Intermediate certificate in Physical Culture
  • Appointed in 1930
  • 1 year of teaching Experience in a High School or Collegiate Institute
  • Her annual salary was $2100

There is no standard formula for each year, so not all years contain so much information on an individual. As well, it would be good to look at the first few pages to understand any abbreviations used. If you take a look at 1918, they use these abbreviations


So then if we look at some Hamilton, Ontario schools, you can see what level of teaching certificate they have and their salary



You can also find general information on School Districts, as well as the District Secretary's names. Here is a page from 1949 showing Attendance, Assessment, and Secretary's name. As you can see, a few schools weren't opened as of yet on the list.




These publications, depending on the year, can give you a lot of information. But what they are best for is to provide a stepping stone to further research. Taking this information, you can then know which collections at the Archives of Ontario you need to consult. The Archives of Ontario doesn't have the same wealth of information online that some provincial archives do. However, they have some of the best finding aids around. By consulting their main finding aid Research Guide 216- Student and Teacher Records, you'll know where to look next to find more detailed records of your ancestor. This main finding aid contains links to more specific collections.




 

Sunday, 22 March 2020

Maximize Your Searching with the New France Archives


A great many of us can trace our Canadian ancestry back to when we were a part of France. The French starting coming to North America in the 1500s, and the first permanent settlements started in 1604. The eastern part of what is now called Canada was called New France. The territory came to include part of  Newfoundland, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. It also included the Great Lakes region on both sides of the present Canada/US border, and Louisiana. In 1763 New France switched to British control, and the Canada we know now began to take shape.

Back in 2004, a giant collaboration between Canada and France was undertaken to celebrate the 400th anniversary of the settlement of New France. This collaboration resulted in the New France Archives website.

http://nouvelle-france.org/eng/Pages/new-france-archives.aspx#t1

There are two versions of the website, one in English and one in French, so don't fret if your French isn't that great. However, you are going to still need some sort of translating website open if your knowledge of  French is very small or non existent. Even those with intermediate French skills are probably going to want a French/English dictionary. For obvious reasons, the digitized images are in French, and there are no translated transcriptions.

This incredible "one-stop shop" website has over 1 million digitized images that form collections from

  • Archives nationales d’Outre-Mer (Aix-en-Provence)
  • Archives nationales (Paris)
  • Archives départementales de la Charente-Maritime (La Rochelle)
  • Archives départementales de la Gironde (Bordeaux)
  • Archives départementales des Pyrénées-Atlantiques (Pau)
  • Library and Archives Canada (Ottawa)
  • Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (Québec)

The documents in this collection date from the 16th century (1500's) to 1763. The website says there are a few post 1763 documents as well. There are several search options. I'll give a brief outline on each method, then explain what to do with your results. 

Basic Search
This option allows you to enter simple keywords to conduct your search. I entered fur trade and got 7 results. The result titles will be in French, but Google will translate for you automatically. I used fishing and got 0 results. But then a flash of inspiration came and I searched using the French verb pecher (to fish). I yielded 34 results. So keep this in mind when doing your searches.


Advanced Search
This section will come in handy if you're looking for a specific record, or if you are looking for a record from a specific archive

http://nouvelle-france.org/eng/Pages/search.aspx

As you can see above, you can put your keyword in, then narrow the results by several options. If you have something very specific you are looking for, then the advanced search might be the better option.

Your Results
So here are some of the results from using pecher in the basic search

http://nouvelle-france.org/eng/Pages/list.aspx?k=pecher

Now, in these results, both the document title and the Fond names are hyperlinks. If you click on the document title, then it will take you straight to the digital images. If you click on Fonds, it will take you a page listing all the documents in that fond. Each document is hyper linked to the digital image. My 8x great grandfather was Jean Bastnarache dit Le Basque. If you're not familiar with "dit names", these were a sort of nickname commonly used in New France. I use the term nickname loosely. Not only were they "Pierre Blanc the Carpenter" in general conversation, but in legal documents too. The unique thing about dit names is that they may have started just to identify which of two men was being written about, but it became a way to refer to their descendants as well. So to use my Jean Bastarache as an example, his children also became "Bastarache dit Le Basque". The grandchildren from Jean's sons also had the name "Bastarache dit Le Basque". My 7x great grandfather is his son Jean, and then my 6x great grandfather is Jean the younger's son Michael. My Bastarache dit Le Basque line daughters out at my 5x great grandmother Felicite. She married into the Saulnier family. Over the years, some lines descending from Jean ended up dropping the Bastarache part of the name and became Le Basque, then simply Basque. Now my older Jean Bastarache came from the Basque area of France, hence the nickname. The Basque fishermen fished the waters in the Maritimes for generations. So I decided to look at document 7828, which is titled in English Document relating to the treaty which allows the Basques to go fishing in the Saint-Pierre Islands. It dates to 1694. here is the 2 images of the document




The image viewer on the site is fantastic. You can easily zoom in and out, and even go full screen with it. There is no lag time with the zooming in and out. You also have the option to download it the images to your computer, and/or print them. 

Thematic List
This section allows you to explore the fonds themselves. In English they are:

  • General Control of Finances Fond 
  • State Secretariat for the Navy and the Colonies fonds
  • Marine
  • Colonies
  • Settlement Fortifications Deposit Fond
  • Colonies' public papers deposit fond
  • Bayonne Admiralty Fond
  • Admiralty Fund of Brouage en Saintonge
  • Admiralty of Guyenne Fond
  • Admiralty of La Rochelle Fond
  • Quebec Sovereign Council fonds
  • Stewards' Fonds
  • Grands Voyers Fond
  • Fonds of the notaries  Rivière and Pierre and François Soullard (La Rochelle)
  •  Antoine Bagard Notary Fond (La Rochelle)
  • Fond of the notary  François Desbarres (La Rochelle)
  • Fond of notaries  Pierre and Léonard Guillemot (La Rochelle)
  • Fond of notary  Jacques Bréard (Rochefort)
  • Fond of notaries  of Saint-Jean de Luz
  •  Chartier de Lotbinière family fonds
  •  Beauharnois family fonds
  •  Ramezay family fonds
  • Duhamel du Monceau, Duhamel de Denainvillers, Fougeroux de Bondaroy and Fougeroux de Secval fonds
  • Engraved and handwritten cards
  • Plans, drawings and graphic documents of all kinds
  • Collection known as "Historical Monuments"
  • Collection of documents from the reserve of the Minutier central des notaires de Paris
  • Collection known as the iron cupboard and the museum
                                              You first click on a fond title. This will take you to a new page giving you the following general information
                                              • Database Item Number
                                              • Title
                                              • Date Range
                                              • Language
                                              • Reference Number
                                              • Scope and Content
                                              • Physical Description (how many containers, linear length of the collection)
                                              • Access and Use Restrictions
                                              • Repository the Collection is Held at
                                              Below that is the individual sub sections. For example, the fond Minutes from notaries René Rivière, Pierre Soullard and François Soullard contain the following sub sections

                                              http://nouvelle-france.org/eng/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=33933
                                              Clicking on one of these will then allow you to "drill down" through subsequent subsections, until you find a particular document to look at. Then it will take you to the image viewer.


                                              Exhibition: New France, New Horizons
                                              This section takes you to Library and Canada's vitual exhibition of New France. It covers many topics:
                                              • Departure: The circumstances upon leaving
                                              • Navigation: The crossing
                                              • Discovery: The exploration of new territories
                                              • Encounter: Contact with Aboriginal peoples
                                              • Settlement: The seigneurial system
                                              • Foundation: The establishment of towns and forts
                                              • Daily Life: Everyday life in the colony
                                              • Administration: The institutions
                                              • Trade: The economy
                                              • Worship: The role of the Church
                                              • Warfare: Armed conflict
                                              • Survival: The changeover of European control, the deportation of the Acadians, and the English conquest
                                              Each section gives some historical overview, as well as images and downloadable documents.



                                              We can thank the Direction des Archives de France, Library and Archives Canada (LAC), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec and the Canadian Embassy in Paris for this great website.

                                              Tuesday, 28 January 2020

                                              Metis Ancestors: Resources from the Glenbow Museum

                                              If you have Metis ancestors, then you know finding resources for them can be difficult. One of the sites you should be book marking is the online collection at the Glenbow Museum in Calgary. This online collection contains genealogies with source citations.

                                              Metis in Canada are the descendants of marriages between Indigineous and non Indigenous people. For the most part, the marriages were between Indigenous women and the European men employed in the fur trade. The Glenbow's collection deals with Metis in what is now Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. Some parts of the Northwest Territories, Ontario and British Columbia are also covered.

                                              https://www.glenbow.org/collections/archives/genealogy/
                                               In their online collection are several resources. They do warn that the researcher will need to trace the family line back pre 1900 for their collection to be helpful for research. They have included on the site a PDF of a pedigree chart to help in research.

                                              Not everything is digitized. However, these are still important because they give the important file numbers you need. This way you can provide the exact file numbers to staff when you visit in person. Even if you hire a researcher to do the visit for you, giving them this number will save a lot of valuable research time.


                                              Charles Denney fonds and Métis genealogy files
                                              This collection comprises of genealogical files for Prairie Metis as well as those families connected to the Red River Settlement. The collection was compiled between 1967 and 1985. Among the collection is charts, photographs, and correspondence. It also contains indexes and microfilms of census and parish records. There are genealogies of approximately 1200 family lines in the collection. The majority of it has not been digitized, but there are a few. It is divided into 9 subsections:
                                              • Series 1 Scanned Document Family history files : alphabetical list. — 1967-1985
                                              • Series 1-A Family history files : microfilm copies. - Microfilmed 1990 (originally created 1967-1985)
                                              • Series 2 Denney's indexes to family history files. — 1967-1985
                                              • Series 3 Scanned Document Collected reference materials. — 1956-1990 (originally created 1709-1985)
                                              • Series 4 Denney family personal papers. — 1906-2001
                                              • Series 5 Scanned Document Photographs. — [ca. 1855]-2000
                                              • Series 6 Elsie Denney's family genealogy. — [ca. 1900-1996]
                                              • Series 7 Miscellaneous writing. — 1924-2000, predominant 1972-2000
                                              • Series 8 Subject files. — [ca. 1910]-2002
                                              • Series 9 Priscilla Gilmour's papers. — 1927-1945, predominant 1942-1945

                                              Now, if your file of interest is digitized, you will see this:


                                              Just click on the "View now" to see the digitized documents in the file. They are digitized as a PDF, so can be downloaded to your computer. Onsite, the collection has restricted access for conservation reasons. They have microfilms available.



                                              Pat McCloy Genealogical Collection
                                              This collection, compiled from the 1970s to 1996, has a wealth of information. Along with index cards, there is also primary source material. It has wills, certificates, correspondence, newspaper clippings, obituaries, and photographs. There are 8 subsections:

                                              • Series 1 Genealogical research files. - [ca. 1970s-1996]
                                              • Series 2 Alphabetical files. - n.d.
                                              • Series 3 Miscellaneous genealogical files. - n.d.
                                              • Series 4 Thomas Rennie "Pat" McCloy personal papers. - [1900-1970s]
                                              • Series 5 McKay genealogical index cards. - Compiled [ca. 1970s-1996]
                                              • Series 6 Genealogical index cards. - Compiled [ca. 1970s-1996]
                                              • Series 7 Research notes index cards. - Compiled [ca. 1970s-1996]
                                              • Series 8 Scanned Document Photographs. - [ca. 1870s]-1941

                                              Only Series 8, Scanned Document Photographs. - [ca. 1870s]-1941, has digitized images. The 9 images contained people and places in the Prairies and British Columbia. Onsite, there are no restrictions on access.




                                              Warren Sinclair's Metis Genealogy collection
                                              This collection contains 450 Metis biographies and 910 descendancy charts. The collection also includes indexes for both the biographies and charts. As a side note, this collection is also available at the HBC Archives in Winnipeg. The collection appears to be fully digitized, and is divided into two subsections:

                                              • Series 1 Scanned Document Tables of contents, biographies, and indices. - 1997-1999
                                              • Series 2 Scanned Document Descendancy tables. - 1997-1999

                                              Both the biographies and charts have extensive source citations. A real bonus for us, since we can go straight to the horse's mouth so to speak, to verify. If you've never used a descendancy chart before, they are titled with the earliest known ancestor couple, and work down the successive generations that were born pre 1900. Onsite, there are no restrictions on access.



                                              Geoff Burtonshaw's Metis Genealogy Research collection
                                              This is a collection of photocopied material from Library and Archives Canada, churches, and libraries. It also includes correspondence, researcher lists, and the personal memoirs of Geoff Burtonshaw. Not all of the collection is digitized. It is divided into 6 subsections:

                                              • Series 1 Scanned Document Geoff Burtonshaw's writings. -- [ca. 1990s]
                                              • Series 2 Scanned Document Metis genealogy reference files. -- [ca. 1981-2009]
                                              • Series 3 Alphabetical files of Metis researchers. -- [ca. 1981-2009]
                                              • Series 4 Terry Punch correspondence. -- 1989-2003
                                              • Series 5 Personal papers. -- 1881-1980s
                                              • Series 6 Photographs (unprocessed). -- [ca. 1940s-2000s
                                              Those familiar with Maritime research will recognize Terry Punch's name. Very little of the collection has been digitized. Onsite, there are no restrictions to access.


                                              The Glenbow Library Newspaper Clippings files
                                              This last online collection does not have digitized images. It's function is more of a finding aid to prepare for an onsite visit. You can either search or browse by:
                                              • Keywords or Phrases
                                              • People
                                              • Place
                                              • Subject
                                              They have included some instructions to maximize your searches on the collection's main page.
                                              http://ww2.glenbow.org/search/libraryNewspaperSearch.aspx


                                              The results page will tell you what collections to ask to look at when you visit. For instance, when I typed in "Ferguson" as a surname, I received results that looked like this:
                                              http://ww2.glenbow.org/search/libraryNewspaperResults.aspx

                                              The Archives notes on the main page that this section is a work in progress. They will continue to add search terms as the collection gets examined over time. In other words, keep checking back to see what new items turn up.


                                              A Final Note
                                              The Library and Archives reading room at the Glenbow Museum is now closed. They have been moving their collection over to the Glenbow Western Research Centre. The Centre is located on the second floor of the Taylor Family Digital Library on the University of Calgary’s main campus. They have requested that any research inquiries for material access be directed to archives@ucalgary.ca.



                                              Sunday, 1 December 2019

                                              52 Ancestors: Week 46 - Poorhouses

                                              http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/canadian-illustrated-news-1869-1883/Pages/image.aspx?Image=58537&URLjpg=http%3a%2f%2fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2fobj%2f026019%2ff4%2f58537-v6.gif&Ecopy=58537





                                              Week 46 of 52 Ancestors is "poor". One can't think of the poor in history without the dreaded "poorhouse" or "workhouse" coming to mind. Most people associate these with Britain, but Canada had them too. These institutions had the official names of "Houses of Industry". They also went by names such as "Poor Asylum". Their goal was to have inmates work to support their admittance into them. These institutions first started to appear in Canada in the late 1700's to early 1800's in Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes. In Western Canada, the notion did not appear to take hold, though British Columbia had a similar system. If you would like a good read on the history of social welfare in Canada, you can preview Social Policy and Practice in Canada: A History By Alvin Finkel on Google Books. The free preview lets you look at several sections, and it's a very good read. I took some looking around at the provincial archives, and found some various records by province for Eastern and Central Canada. This is by no means a complete list. These will help you get started though.

                                              Newfoundland
                                              Newfoundland did not join Canada until 1949. From what I have read, there were porr houses in the province much earlier than the rest of Canada, and they adopted the Poor Law of Elizabeth I. The Rooms has in their holdings a few things relating to poorhouses and asylums:



                                              Prince Edward Island
                                              PARO has some records in their collection, including Fonds RG34 - Independent Boards and Commissions fonds. This collection deals with the government side of the Poor Asylums and Insane Asylums.



                                              New Brunswick

                                              PANB has a few record sets in their holdings:



                                              Nova Scotia
                                              The NSA has in their holdings the Halifax (N.S.). Poor Asylum. This rather notorious institution originally burnt to the ground in 1882. it was rebuilt in 1886.



                                              Quebec
                                              BAnQ has the St. Bridget's Asylum Fund.- 1856-1865 in their holdings. One thing that should be noted about the province is that poor relief was mainly taken on by the church, as opposed to the government. Keep this in mind when looking for records



                                              Ontario
                                              In 1890, Ontario passed the House of Refuge Act. This gave grants to each County to set aside 45 acres for Houses of Industry. In 1903 it became mandatory for each County to have at least one House of Refuge. Because of this, there were much more of these than in any other province. The Archives of Ontario has some fonds of some of them:
                                              UPDATE Dec 15 2019: I didn't realize when I wrote the blog post that the AO's links are time sensitive. However, if you go to the Archives of Ontario's website you can still find them. Go into Access Our Collections, then Archives Descriptive Database. Use for your search term "House of Industry" (use the quotation marks), then into Groups of Archival Records.

                                              More Places to Search

                                              Don't forget to look at these other sources for Poorhouse records:

                                              • City/County Archives. In fact, your much more likely to find specific records here than in the Provincial Archives. For instance, The City of Toronto Archives hold the books of the Toronto House of Refuge. The Toronto Branch of Ontario Ancestors has a project going on right now to get these indexed.
                                              • Internet Archive - remember to use a variety of search terms such as "poor house", "almshouse", "house of industry". And remember to include your location as well in the search. They have uploads from all over the world.
                                              • University and College Libraries
                                              • Google. If you know the name of the institution, try using Google. Some of these buildings have been turned into museums, especially in Ontario. Others, like the Waterloo County House of Industry and Refuge, are virtual museums giving an amazing amount of information on not only the residents, but the staff as well.
                                              • As always,Canadiana is a go-to source. "House Of Industry" resulted in 1756 hits. "Poor Asylum" gave 792 hits, and "poor house" gave 3408 hits.




                                              Sunday, 1 September 2019

                                              52 Ancestors: Week 34 - Finding Coroner's Reports



                                              Week 33's theme for the 52 ancestors series of posts is "tragedy". When you have an ancestor who died in unusual circumstances, there might have been a coroner's, or chief medical examiner's, inquest. These inquests looked into these kinds of deaths. Because the coroner could interview people and look at evidence that would not qualify in a criminal court, one could find a wealth of information in them. These are the responsibility of provincial governments. As such, each province does things a little differently.

                                              So how to find out if your ancestor's death warranted an inquest? Well the first thing you'll want to look at is historical newspapers. Because of the circumstances in which inquests were held, newspapers would almost certainly have reported on it. Even if the death itself didn't make the news, the fact that a coroner would be looking into it would ensure that it made the news. Depending on the circumstances, you might even find articles on the proceedings themselves.

                                              The majority of Provinces today have a Coroner's Office. Alberta, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Manitoba have Offices of the Chief Medical Examiner. These provinces have modeled their death investigation systems after the US, while Coroner provinces have modeled their systems after the UK model. There are slight differences in how they do things, but the main elements are the same. Statistics Canada has been compiling a national database and has some background here. You can also see their findings investigating deaths from 2006-2008 here. It gives a general view of the types of deaths investigated. Even though it does not discuss individual cases, it is interesting reading.

                                              In both systems, the inquests and their findings were open to the public at the time they happened. However, now the average time restriction for access by the public is 100 years. Until that time, records are held by either the Coroner's Office, or the Attorney General. If the death you are looking at it is less than 100 years ago, your first course of action should be to contact the Coroner/ Chief Medical Officer's office. They would be able to let you know whether it is open access. If it is not, then they should also be able to direct you in whether you qualify for access to restricted records, and how to request access.  What I'm going to focus on is where to access open records.

                                              Provincial Archives of New Brunswick


                                              Provincial Archives
                                              The majority of Provincial Government records are deposited at Provincial Archives once they become open to the public. I did some searching on their websites, and these types of records will require an on site visit. Or, you can hire a researcher if that's not possible for you.


                                              • The Rooms in Newfoundland has a few records as part of their Supreme Court Fonds
                                              • The Public Archives and Record Office  of Prince Edward Island have them as part of the Attorney general Fonds
                                              • The Nova Scotia Archives has inquest records among their County Court Fonds. Not all districts have surviving records.
                                              • I checked the County Guides at the Provincial Archives of New Brunswick, but I cold not find specific mention of Coroner's Inquest records. My suggestion would be to contact the Archives directly.
                                              • BAnQ in Quebec holds historic coroner's inquest reports. They have several different fonds and files in their online search. Because there are BAnQ Archives across the province, you will want to pay special attention to which location the record is kept at.
                                              • As usual, the Archives of Ontario has a comprehensive research guide for coroner's reports. Here is their PDF guide Criminal Justice Records at the Archives of Ontario. Scroll down to the Coroner's Reports section.
                                              • The Archives of Manitoba hold records covering 1870-1916
                                              • The Provincial Archives of Saskatchewan's search capabilites are transitioning to new software. Because of that, I could not definitely say they have coroner's reports. 
                                              • The Provincial Archives of Alberta has coroner's inquests in several collections.
                                              • Coroner Reports are part of the Ministry of Attorney General fonds at the BC Archives.

                                              Local County, Municipal and University Archives
                                              If you can't find what you're looking for at the Provincial level, try looking at more location specific archives. For whatever reason, these smaller archives may have obtained the records. You may also find collections relating to coroners themselves. For instance:


                                              Canada Gazette and Provincial Gazettes
                                              In the past, I wrote a blog post about what a great resource the Canada Gazette is. Though a federal publication, I did find some interesting results looking for "coroner's inquest". Here's a page thathas a proclamation saying that a Mr. William E Brainerd has a warrant out for his arrest due to the findings in the shooting death of his mother:

                                              Also check Provincial Government gazettes. Historical issues can be found in provincial archives.


                                              Canadiana
                                              A search on Canadiana using the words "coroner inquest" resulted in over 7,000 results. Look at this gem titled Authentic report of the proceedings of a coroner's inquest held upon the body of Job Broom





                                              Some Final Tips
                                              • Make sure you contact the Archives before you visit. Sometimes records are stored off site, and require some notice to have them ready for you.
                                              • Don't limit your search to government record collections. As I showed in the examples above, information can be found in family fond collections.
                                              • On that note, take some time to research who the Coroner/Chief Medical Examiner was in your ancestor's place and time period. By searching their name, you might find additional record sets. 
                                              • Now for the downside: a lot of these records did not survive. So, just because you found mention of an inquest in the newspaper does not mean that you will have a record of the proceedings. But the information you might glean from these records make it worth the search.

                                              Sunday, 18 August 2019

                                              52 Ancestors: Week 30 - Using the Drouin Collection



                                              The prompt for week 30 of 52 Ancestors is "Easy". Contrary to how it looks on genealogy shows, researching your ancestors is not easy. Don't get me wrong, I'm a huge fan of these shows. I just wish they would let people know how much research time went into making these hour long shows. Because of this, I was having a hard time coming up with a record set that made for easy research. The closest thing I could find to easy in my own research experience is the Drouin Collection.

                                              Those of us with Catholic ancestry, especially French Catholic, know what a treasure this collection is. Covering the years 1621-1967, this collection holds millions of baptismal, marriage and burial records. You can find records from Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick, and parts of the United States. They also cover Acadia, of which present day Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island were a part of. They don't just contain records of French Canadians. They are also records for those with British, Italian, Irish, and Polish roots. Don't have Catholic ancestors? You should still look at the collection. There are non Catholic records mixed in among the collection as well. While the majority of records are in French, there are English language registers as well. This amazing record set is named after Joseph Drouin, the founder of the Drouin Genealogical Institute. Through the work of him and later his son, it now contains over 3.6 million microfilmed images of the registers kept by the clergy. They also have collections of notarial records, obituaries, and genealogies.

                                              So where can you find this amazing collection online?

                                              Ancestry
                                              Of course Ancestry has some of the goodies in their databases. If you're an Ancestry subscriber, you'll want to check out what they have:

                                              Quebec, Canada, Vital and Church Records (Drouin Collection), 1621-1968 - This fully indexed collection contains images of the registers sent to the government. Since in Quebec these served as civil registration records, you will find non Catholic records as well.

                                              Quebec Notarial Records (Drouin Collection), 1647-1942 - The notary was an important figure in Quebec. They handled wills, marriage contracts, property transactions, and inventories, just to name a few. This collection contains the repertoires and indexes of the individual notaries.

                                              Acadia, Canada, Vital and Church Records (Drouin Collection), 1757-1946 - The contain the registers of the clergy in what used to be Acadia. It also covers post deportation records from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. I know from experience that while the majority is indexed, some pages are not. If you can't find what you're looking for, make sure you also use the browse feature.

                                              Ontario, Canada, Catholic Church Records (Drouin Collection), 1802-1967 - The collection contains the registers for French Catholic parishes in Ontario. I've just recently found a French Catholic line in my tree that settled in Ontario. I've only just started using this collection, so I'm not sure how well indexed it is as of yet.

                                              U.S., French Catholic Church Records (Drouin Collection), 1695-1954 - This collection contains French Catholic parish records from 11 US States. My new found Ontario Catholics spent a lot of time migrating between the Cornwall area of Ontario and the Fort Covington area of New York State. This is another collection I've only just started delving into, so I can't say as to how well indexed it is.

                                              U.S. and Canada, Miscellaneous French Records (Drouin Collection), 1651-1941 This collections is a hodge podge of genealogies, jounals, letters, registers of notaries, acts, manuscripts and topographic dictionaries. I haven't delved into it as of yet, so I can't say how well indexed it is.


                                              Genealogy Quebec
                                              If you don't have an Ancestry subscription, you might want to look at subscribing to Genealogy Quebec. Of course, some of us have subscriptions to both. While Ancestry has a lot, this website has what Ancestry doesn't. It is the website of the Drouin Genealogical Institute, so it gives you access straight from the horse's mouth, so to speak. There are 3 subscription options:

                                              • 24 Hour Access- Unlimited searches and the ability to view 75 images. Cost is only $5.00
                                              • Monthly subscription - Unlimited searches and access to 75 images per day. Cost is $13.00 per month
                                              • Annual Subscription - Unlimited searches and access to 1050 images per week. Cost is $100 per year
                                              Prices are in Canadian dollars. Taxes are extra for Canadian residents. No taxes apply if you live outside of Canada. Besides the Drouin Collection itself, here's what they also offer:



                                              1.LAFRANCE

                                              • All Quebec Catholic baptisms and burials 1621-1861
                                              • All Quebec Catholic marriages 1621-1918
                                              • All Quebec Protestant marriages 1760-1849. 1850-1861 will be available soon
                                              • A partial collection of Catholic baptisms, marriages and burials from 1862-2008
                                              Each indexed transcription (certificate) also includes links to the original register image.


                                              2.Marriages and Deaths 1926-1997
                                              This Collection has most marriage and death information from all areas of Quebec. Marriages also include the ability to see the original document. This collection is not limited to Catholics. They cover all regious denominations, and civil marriages as well.


                                              3.Obituaries
                                              • Internet Obituaries - 1999 to present day, covering all of Canada. Updated daily.
                                              • Newspaper Obituaries - 1860 to present day, covering all of Quebec
                                              • Death cards - 1860 to present day, covering all of Quebec. Indexed by Name and Date
                                              • Tombstones - 1850;s (ish) to present day, covering all of Quebec and parts of Eastern Ontario. Indexed by name and text on stone, these have photographs

                                              4.Drouin Institute's Great Collections
                                              This is an indexed database of several of the publications the Institute was involved with. There are 13 publications listed. In the interest of space, I'm inserting a screen shot of what the collection offers:
                                              https://www.genealogiequebec.com/en/tools


                                              5.NBMDS
                                              This collection provides birth marriage and death information compiled from genealogical Socities working in partnership with the Institute. It covers parishes in Quebec, Ontario and the United States. It covers the years from 1727-2011, and does not contan links to original records. However, you can use the information obtained from this collection to narrow your search in their other collections.


                                              6.Connolly File
                                              A collection of Quebec baptism, marriage and burial records. There are both Catholic and Protestant records, and cover the years 1621-2018. These are compied from original sources, and I do not think they include original images.


                                              7.Drouin Institute's Family Genealogies
                                              A collection of 203 Family Genealogies produced by the Institute during the 20th century. They contain information in them from 1621 to their date of publication. most of these of Quebec based. Not all the books that they have produced have been digitized, and they are always looking to hear of any out there not listed.


                                              8.Census
                                              • Quebec 1881
                                              • Quebec 1901
                                              • Ontario 1881
                                              This is a transcription database. There are no images attached.


                                              9.Notarized Documents
                                              This indexed database contains images for noarized documents throughout Quebec from 1800-1980. You can search by name, by notary, by date and by document type.


                                              10.Postcards
                                              Over 250,000 postcards have been digitized and indexed. You can search by sender and recipient. They cover the years 1980-2002, and deal mostly with Quebec.


                                              11.Acadia
                                              There are over 96,000 family files of Acadian families in this collection. Covering 1621-1849, it includes BMD information. There are links to original records, and in some cases birth entries will include links to subsequent marraige and/or burial entries for the family. It can be searched by name, parish and date.


                                              12.Druoin Institute's miscellaneous Collections
                                              This is a mixed bag of several different sources. There are digital images. Here is a screenshot showing what sources are in the database
                                              https://www.genealogiequebec.com/en/tools



                                              13.BMD Cards
                                              This is a collection of index cards showing baptism, marriage, and burials. The database shows you the image of the index card, but not the original documents. They cover 1621-2000, and were provided by the Quebec Family History Society. They cover Quebec, Ontario and United States.


                                              14.City Directories
                                              If your ancestors lived in Montreal or Quebec City, you'll want to delve into this collection. They are fully digitized, but not fully indexed. The Lovell directories for Montreal cover 1843-2000. The Marcotte directories for Quebec City and the surrounding area cover 1822-1904. However, it does not have all years.


                                              Look at what you get for only $100 per year! Even if you don't want to commit to a year, the daily and monthly options are also extremely affordable. 


                                              Friday, 1 March 2019

                                              52 Ancestors: Week 9 - The Canadian Court System and where to find records







                                              Week 9 of 52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks has the prompt "At the Courthouse". If you're new to Canadian research, it is important to know a little about the Canadian Court System to find the records you need.

                                              There are two main court systems that genealogists concern themselves with. The Provincial/ Territorial Courts, and the Provincial Supreme Court (or Court of the Queen's Bench). The majority of records that genealogists look for will be in one of these two options. Of course, as with anything else, each province does things a little differently. So who covers what?



                                              Newfoundland and Labrador

                                              The Newfoundland Provincial Court handles the following:
                                              • Youth crimes
                                              • Civil Court cases up to $25,000
                                              • Criminal cases except Indictable Offenses (also known as Felonies in the American Court system)
                                              • Inquiries of accidental or mysterious deaths or fires
                                              • Family law  (Adoption, Child Support, Paternity, Marriages not performed in a church, for example)
                                              • Provincial Offenses
                                              The Supreme Court of Newfoundland handles the following:
                                              • Civil Court cases over $25,000
                                              • Wills and Estates
                                              • Divorce
                                              • Guardianship of minors' personal affairs and finances
                                              • Appeals of decisions from the Provincial Courts
                                              • Criminal Cases of Indictable Offenses
                                              Take note that in some areas of Newfoundland, there is no Family Court at the Provincial Court. In these cases, one would look to the Supreme Court for the records pertaining to Family law.



                                              Prince Edward Island
                                              The Provincial Court of Prince Edward Island handles minor criminal cases, Youth Law, and provincial offences

                                              The Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island handles the following:
                                              • Wills and Estates
                                              • All Family Law
                                              • Small Claims Court
                                              • More serious criminal cases
                                              • Appeals from tribunals and the Provincial Court
                                              The Prince Edward Island Court of Appeal handles the appeals from the other two courts.



                                              Nova Scotia
                                              The Provincial Court of Nova Scotia has jurisdiction of the following:
                                              • All criminal cases except Murder
                                              • Inquiries into suspicious deaths
                                              • Youth Justice Act
                                              • Family Court  matters outside the municipalities of Cape Breton and Halifax
                                              • Small Claims Court handles civil cases under $25,000
                                              • Provincial Offenses
                                              The Supreme Court of Nova Scotia presides over:
                                              • Murder cases
                                              • Family law in the municipal districts of Cape Breton and Halifax
                                              • Appeals from the lower Courts
                                              • Divorce
                                              • Bankruptcy
                                              • Civil cases over $25,000

                                              Wills and Estates are handles through the Probate Court of Nova Scotia.

                                              Nova Scotia Court of Appeal is where final appeals from the Supreme Court are held.



                                              New Brunswick
                                              • Youth Criminal Justice
                                              • Criminal matters except murder
                                              • Provincial offenses

                                              • Murder cases
                                              • The Family Law division handles all matters relating to Family Law
                                              • Appeals of the Provincial Court
                                              • All Civil cases
                                              Wills and Estates are handled through the Probate Court of New Brunswick.

                                              The New Brunswick Court of Appeal handles appeals from the Court of Queen's Bench.



                                              Quebec
                                              Because of the complex balancing act that Quebec performs between French and English law, the first thing you should do is read the Court of Quebec's webpage of their history. Quebec is unique to the rest of Canada in that it's civil code originated from French law, yet it's criminal code follows English law.

                                              The Court of Quebec is divided into divisions. According to the website, the Civil Division handles 

                                               "...all plaintiff claims involving monetary value or interest – in relation to the object of the dispute – that are less than $85,000, except claims for alimony, class actions and those reserved for the Federal Court of Canada...".  

                                              If the amount of the claim is less than $15,000, it is handled by the Small Claims Court. 

                                              The Criminal and Penal Division handles any criminal proeedings that are not under the jurisdiction of the Provincial Superior Court.

                                              The Youth Division handles:
                                              • Youth Criminal Justice
                                              • Adoption
                                              • Welfare of Minors

                                              The Superior Court of Quebec has jurisdiction over:
                                              • Appeals of other Courts
                                              • Family Law
                                              • Bankruptcies
                                              • Civil cases over $70,000
                                              • Jury Trials in Criminal matters
                                              • Wills and Estates
                                              The Court of Appeal of Quebec handles appeals from the Superior Court, and also in lower courts in certain circumstances.



                                              Ontario
                                              The Ontario Court of Justice has jurisdiction over:
                                              • Family law is practiced in the Family Court
                                              • Most criminal cases are tried in the Criminal Court
                                              • Provincial offenses
                                              • Child Protection
                                              • Adoptions
                                              • Youth Criminal Justice
                                              • Appeals from lower Courts
                                              • Serious Criminal Matters
                                              • Wills and Estates 
                                              • Bankruptcy
                                              • All civil matters. If under $25,000 it is handled through the Small Claims Court
                                              • All Family Law not covered by the Ontario Court of Justice
                                              • Divorce

                                              Keep in mind matters relating to spousal or child support, and child custody/ access can be handled by either court.


                                              The Court of Appeal for Ontario handles appeals from all lower courts.



                                              Manitoba
                                              The Provincial Court of Manitoba has jurisdiction over almost all criminal matters. Outside of Winnipeg, they also handle a limited amount of Family Law.

                                              The Court of Queen's Bench has 2 divisions:

                                              The General Division deals with criminal and civil litigation matters. The also hear appeals from the Provincial Court.

                                              The Family Division handles all cases pertaining to Family Law and Child Welfare.

                                              The Court of Queen's Bench is also where Wills and Estates are handled.

                                              The Manitoba Court of Appeal handles the appeals from the lower courts.



                                              Saskatchewan
                                              The Saskatchewan Provincial Court has jurisdiction over the following:

                                              • Most criminal cases
                                              • Civil cases up to $30,000
                                              • Some Family Law matters, but only those outside Regina, Saskatoon and Prince Albert
                                              • Traffic and municipal laws

                                              The Court of Queen Bench for Saskatchewan handles:
                                              • The most serious criminal cases
                                              • Civil cases over $30,000
                                              • Divorce and division of assets
                                              • Custody and access to children
                                              • Wills and Estates
                                              • Appeals from the Provincial Court
                                              The Court of Appeal handles appeals from the other courts



                                              Alberta
                                              The Provincial Court of Alberta has jurisdiction over:
                                              • Most of the criminal cases 
                                              • Most civil cases under $50,000
                                              • Child support, custody and access
                                              • Spousal support
                                              • Guardianship
                                              • The most serious criminal offenses
                                              • Civil cases over $50,000
                                              • Divorce and division of property
                                              • Wills and Estates
                                              • Appeals from the Provincial Court
                                              The Court of Appeal of Alberta handles appeals from the other courts



                                              British Columbia
                                              The Provincial Court of British Columbia has jurisdiction over:
                                              • Child Welfare
                                              • Child custody and access
                                              • Adult guardianship
                                              • Spousal and child support
                                              • Civil claims $5,001 to $35,000
                                              • Most criminal cases
                                              • Youth Criminal justice
                                              • Provincial and municipal offenses
                                              • Appeals from the Provincial Court
                                              • Civil claims over $35,000
                                              • Divorce and Division of Property
                                              • Adoptions
                                              • Wills and Estates
                                              The Court of Appeal of British Columbia handles appeals from the lower courts.



                                              Yukon
                                              The Yukon Territorial Court has jurisdiction over:
                                              • Most criminal cases
                                              • Youth Justice cases
                                              • Child protection
                                              • Civil cases under $25,000
                                              • Appeals from the Territorial Court
                                              • The most serious criminal cases
                                              • Divorce and division of property
                                              • Custody and Access
                                              • Child and spousal support
                                              • Wills and Estates
                                              The Court of Appeal of Yukon handles appeals from the lower courts. Take note that the BC Court of Appeal also handles cases from the Yukon. If you can't find a record of it in the Yukon, check in Vancouver as well. The judges from this court also sit in the Appeals Courts of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.



                                              Northwest Territories
                                              • Most criminal cases
                                              • Territorial offenses
                                              • Child protection
                                              • Custody and Support
                                              • Civil cases up to $35,000
                                              • Appeals from the Provincial Courts
                                              • More serious criminal cases
                                              • Divorce
                                              • Wills and Estates
                                              • Civil cases over $35,000
                                              The Court of Appeal for the Northwest Territories handles appeals from the lower courts. The judges also sit in the Appeals Courts of the Yukon and Nunavut. In special cases, they can also deal with cases from Alberta.

                                              Youth Justice cases be heard in either the Territorial Court or the Supreme Court.



                                              Nunavut
                                              The territory of Nunavut is unique in Canada. The Nunavut Court of Justice handles all civil, criminal, Probate, and Family Law matters. There is no division between a Territorial and Supreme Court.

                                              The Nunavut Youth Court handles cases relating to Youth Criminal Justice.

                                              The Nunavut Court of Appeal handles all appeals. The judges also sit for the Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Alberta Appeals Courts.



                                              A final note, if your ancestor is Indigenous. Many of the Provinces have special courts for cases involving Indigenous or Aboriginal people. These courts work hand in hand with the Native communities. From what I understand, community elders have a say in matters that come before the courts, with a focus on reformation and community involvement.