Showing posts with label Nova Scotia. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Nova Scotia. Show all posts

Saturday, 10 April 2021

Nova Scotia Ancestors: Civil Registration Gets a Makeover

Those of us with Nova Scotian ancestry are very excited that the Nova Scotia Archives recently redesigned their Civil Registration section on their website. We're ecstatic that downloads of records are now FREE. Now, downloads were quite reasonably priced before, but I know for myself that I only ordered records for my direct line. Collateral lines I only viewed the records, which were always free to view. But the old version's zoom function was clunky and the records could still be hard to see. I decided for this post to check the site out and see what I could find.

https://archives.novascotia.ca/vital-statistics/

My first thought when going to the redesigned page is how clean and modern the site looks. The design also now aligns with the rest of the website in appearance. 


The History of Civil Registration in Nova Scotia

Though registration began in 1763 for marriages, mandatory registration for BMDs didn't happen until 1864. However, between 1877 and 1908, registration requirements lapsed for births and deaths. Because of this, there are a lot of gaps. Unfortunately for me, my great grandmother Edna Johnson's birth falls into this time period, and there is no record of her birth with NS Vital Statistics.

Don't lose hope though. Delayed registrations of births happened for many years after 1908. These delayed registrations can be a gold mine, because of the supporting documentation provided. Here's a good example among my collateral line of the surprises you can find. Edna's oldest son Burrell BOUTILIER was born in 1912. He falls outside the gap in birth records, but later in life he appears to have ran into problems as to his legal name. When I searched for his birth records, I found this


But then I also got these supporting documents




Not only do I have a copy of his baptism, but a legal affidavit signed by my great grandmother! I'm especially excited by it because the affidavit was signed less than a year before I was born.

As of this post, the NS Archives holds the records for births pre 1921, marriages pre 1946, and deaths pre 1971.


Searching

If you're wanting to search just by a last name, just enter it into the search field. This method of searching will result in a huge amount of results. For a more targeted search, click on the More Search Options


This will open up the search box to this


On your results screen, you can filter the results by births, marriages, or deaths.



My great grandmother Edna had a little sister listed in the 1911 Canadian Census transcribed as Lana. She was gone from the 1921 Census. I found this record when I was first starting out in genealogy research, so didn't know enough to question the transcription. I was also not as interested in collateral lines. Almost 15 years later, I'm much more proficient at reading handwriting. I've also learned the importance of looking at siblings. I looked at the record again. Analyzing the handwriting made me realize that her name wasn't Lana, it was Iona. I decided to see what happened to her. According to the Census she was born in 1910. So I did a search of an Iona Johnson in Halifax County. Only one result popped up, for a Nina Iona Johnson. When I clicked on the birth record, this is what popped up on the screen.



Now the big image you can zoom in and out of. It's the little one you want to click on though. This will open the image in a new window. Here you can also zoom in and out. Here is also where you can download the image to your computer by right clicking and using Save image as...

So I found her birth. But what about a marriage or death? I tried using Nina Johnson/ Johnston/ Johnstone and no results. I was stumped. I put it to rest and started looking at other collaterals. My great grandmother Edna had a child die quite young with her first husband Everard Boutilier named Wesley Boutilier. I decided to find Wesley's death registration. I found it, and lo and behold right next to it was Nina Iona's death registration. For some reason she was registered under Boutilier.



I really like the new and improved site. Once you get the hang of the changes in navigating it, the site is actually very user friendly. The fact that records are now free to download is a boon to those of us with large families having large families.  I am hoping that the NS Archives will eventually add the following features:

  • Search by first name only. Right now in order to search, you must enter a last name. If I had been able to search by first name, I might have been able to find Nina Iona's death registration. Instead I stumbled onto it.

  • The previous version allowed you to go back to the search results without having to do a new search. The only way you can do it on the new site is by clicking the back arrow to go back to the previous web page. 

  • I would really love it if they took a cue from the Provincial Archives of New Brunswick's Civil Registrations. On their website, they have indexed birth records by parents' names as well as the name of the registered person. 

  • A soundex option on the name search. Edna's grandmother was Martha Eisenhauer. Anyone who researches that name knows just how many variations of that name there are. Right now to search Eisenhauer, I need to search each variation separately.

Sunday, 22 March 2020

Maximize Your Searching with the New France Archives


A great many of us can trace our Canadian ancestry back to when we were a part of France. The French starting coming to North America in the 1500s, and the first permanent settlements started in 1604. The eastern part of what is now called Canada was called New France. The territory came to include part of  Newfoundland, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. It also included the Great Lakes region on both sides of the present Canada/US border, and Louisiana. In 1763 New France switched to British control, and the Canada we know now began to take shape.

Back in 2004, a giant collaboration between Canada and France was undertaken to celebrate the 400th anniversary of the settlement of New France. This collaboration resulted in the New France Archives website.

http://nouvelle-france.org/eng/Pages/new-france-archives.aspx#t1

There are two versions of the website, one in English and one in French, so don't fret if your French isn't that great. However, you are going to still need some sort of translating website open if your knowledge of  French is very small or non existent. Even those with intermediate French skills are probably going to want a French/English dictionary. For obvious reasons, the digitized images are in French, and there are no translated transcriptions.

This incredible "one-stop shop" website has over 1 million digitized images that form collections from

  • Archives nationales d’Outre-Mer (Aix-en-Provence)
  • Archives nationales (Paris)
  • Archives départementales de la Charente-Maritime (La Rochelle)
  • Archives départementales de la Gironde (Bordeaux)
  • Archives départementales des Pyrénées-Atlantiques (Pau)
  • Library and Archives Canada (Ottawa)
  • Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (Québec)

The documents in this collection date from the 16th century (1500's) to 1763. The website says there are a few post 1763 documents as well. There are several search options. I'll give a brief outline on each method, then explain what to do with your results. 

Basic Search
This option allows you to enter simple keywords to conduct your search. I entered fur trade and got 7 results. The result titles will be in French, but Google will translate for you automatically. I used fishing and got 0 results. But then a flash of inspiration came and I searched using the French verb pecher (to fish). I yielded 34 results. So keep this in mind when doing your searches.


Advanced Search
This section will come in handy if you're looking for a specific record, or if you are looking for a record from a specific archive

http://nouvelle-france.org/eng/Pages/search.aspx

As you can see above, you can put your keyword in, then narrow the results by several options. If you have something very specific you are looking for, then the advanced search might be the better option.

Your Results
So here are some of the results from using pecher in the basic search

http://nouvelle-france.org/eng/Pages/list.aspx?k=pecher

Now, in these results, both the document title and the Fond names are hyperlinks. If you click on the document title, then it will take you straight to the digital images. If you click on Fonds, it will take you a page listing all the documents in that fond. Each document is hyper linked to the digital image. My 8x great grandfather was Jean Bastnarache dit Le Basque. If you're not familiar with "dit names", these were a sort of nickname commonly used in New France. I use the term nickname loosely. Not only were they "Pierre Blanc the Carpenter" in general conversation, but in legal documents too. The unique thing about dit names is that they may have started just to identify which of two men was being written about, but it became a way to refer to their descendants as well. So to use my Jean Bastarache as an example, his children also became "Bastarache dit Le Basque". The grandchildren from Jean's sons also had the name "Bastarache dit Le Basque". My 7x great grandfather is his son Jean, and then my 6x great grandfather is Jean the younger's son Michael. My Bastarache dit Le Basque line daughters out at my 5x great grandmother Felicite. She married into the Saulnier family. Over the years, some lines descending from Jean ended up dropping the Bastarache part of the name and became Le Basque, then simply Basque. Now my older Jean Bastarache came from the Basque area of France, hence the nickname. The Basque fishermen fished the waters in the Maritimes for generations. So I decided to look at document 7828, which is titled in English Document relating to the treaty which allows the Basques to go fishing in the Saint-Pierre Islands. It dates to 1694. here is the 2 images of the document




The image viewer on the site is fantastic. You can easily zoom in and out, and even go full screen with it. There is no lag time with the zooming in and out. You also have the option to download it the images to your computer, and/or print them. 

Thematic List
This section allows you to explore the fonds themselves. In English they are:

  • General Control of Finances Fond 
  • State Secretariat for the Navy and the Colonies fonds
  • Marine
  • Colonies
  • Settlement Fortifications Deposit Fond
  • Colonies' public papers deposit fond
  • Bayonne Admiralty Fond
  • Admiralty Fund of Brouage en Saintonge
  • Admiralty of Guyenne Fond
  • Admiralty of La Rochelle Fond
  • Quebec Sovereign Council fonds
  • Stewards' Fonds
  • Grands Voyers Fond
  • Fonds of the notaries  Rivière and Pierre and François Soullard (La Rochelle)
  •  Antoine Bagard Notary Fond (La Rochelle)
  • Fond of the notary  François Desbarres (La Rochelle)
  • Fond of notaries  Pierre and Léonard Guillemot (La Rochelle)
  • Fond of notary  Jacques Bréard (Rochefort)
  • Fond of notaries  of Saint-Jean de Luz
  •  Chartier de Lotbinière family fonds
  •  Beauharnois family fonds
  •  Ramezay family fonds
  • Duhamel du Monceau, Duhamel de Denainvillers, Fougeroux de Bondaroy and Fougeroux de Secval fonds
  • Engraved and handwritten cards
  • Plans, drawings and graphic documents of all kinds
  • Collection known as "Historical Monuments"
  • Collection of documents from the reserve of the Minutier central des notaires de Paris
  • Collection known as the iron cupboard and the museum
                                              You first click on a fond title. This will take you to a new page giving you the following general information
                                              • Database Item Number
                                              • Title
                                              • Date Range
                                              • Language
                                              • Reference Number
                                              • Scope and Content
                                              • Physical Description (how many containers, linear length of the collection)
                                              • Access and Use Restrictions
                                              • Repository the Collection is Held at
                                              Below that is the individual sub sections. For example, the fond Minutes from notaries René Rivière, Pierre Soullard and François Soullard contain the following sub sections

                                              http://nouvelle-france.org/eng/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=33933
                                              Clicking on one of these will then allow you to "drill down" through subsequent subsections, until you find a particular document to look at. Then it will take you to the image viewer.


                                              Exhibition: New France, New Horizons
                                              This section takes you to Library and Canada's vitual exhibition of New France. It covers many topics:
                                              • Departure: The circumstances upon leaving
                                              • Navigation: The crossing
                                              • Discovery: The exploration of new territories
                                              • Encounter: Contact with Aboriginal peoples
                                              • Settlement: The seigneurial system
                                              • Foundation: The establishment of towns and forts
                                              • Daily Life: Everyday life in the colony
                                              • Administration: The institutions
                                              • Trade: The economy
                                              • Worship: The role of the Church
                                              • Warfare: Armed conflict
                                              • Survival: The changeover of European control, the deportation of the Acadians, and the English conquest
                                              Each section gives some historical overview, as well as images and downloadable documents.



                                              We can thank the Direction des Archives de France, Library and Archives Canada (LAC), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec and the Canadian Embassy in Paris for this great website.

                                              Sunday, 1 December 2019

                                              52 Ancestors: Week 46 - Poorhouses

                                              http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/canadian-illustrated-news-1869-1883/Pages/image.aspx?Image=58537&URLjpg=http%3a%2f%2fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2fobj%2f026019%2ff4%2f58537-v6.gif&Ecopy=58537





                                              Week 46 of 52 Ancestors is "poor". One can't think of the poor in history without the dreaded "poorhouse" or "workhouse" coming to mind. Most people associate these with Britain, but Canada had them too. These institutions had the official names of "Houses of Industry". They also went by names such as "Poor Asylum". Their goal was to have inmates work to support their admittance into them. These institutions first started to appear in Canada in the late 1700's to early 1800's in Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes. In Western Canada, the notion did not appear to take hold, though British Columbia had a similar system. If you would like a good read on the history of social welfare in Canada, you can preview Social Policy and Practice in Canada: A History By Alvin Finkel on Google Books. The free preview lets you look at several sections, and it's a very good read. I took some looking around at the provincial archives, and found some various records by province for Eastern and Central Canada. This is by no means a complete list. These will help you get started though.

                                              Newfoundland
                                              Newfoundland did not join Canada until 1949. From what I have read, there were porr houses in the province much earlier than the rest of Canada, and they adopted the Poor Law of Elizabeth I. The Rooms has in their holdings a few things relating to poorhouses and asylums:



                                              Prince Edward Island
                                              PARO has some records in their collection, including Fonds RG34 - Independent Boards and Commissions fonds. This collection deals with the government side of the Poor Asylums and Insane Asylums.



                                              New Brunswick

                                              PANB has a few record sets in their holdings:



                                              Nova Scotia
                                              The NSA has in their holdings the Halifax (N.S.). Poor Asylum. This rather notorious institution originally burnt to the ground in 1882. it was rebuilt in 1886.



                                              Quebec
                                              BAnQ has the St. Bridget's Asylum Fund.- 1856-1865 in their holdings. One thing that should be noted about the province is that poor relief was mainly taken on by the church, as opposed to the government. Keep this in mind when looking for records



                                              Ontario
                                              In 1890, Ontario passed the House of Refuge Act. This gave grants to each County to set aside 45 acres for Houses of Industry. In 1903 it became mandatory for each County to have at least one House of Refuge. Because of this, there were much more of these than in any other province. The Archives of Ontario has some fonds of some of them:
                                              UPDATE Dec 15 2019: I didn't realize when I wrote the blog post that the AO's links are time sensitive. However, if you go to the Archives of Ontario's website you can still find them. Go into Access Our Collections, then Archives Descriptive Database. Use for your search term "House of Industry" (use the quotation marks), then into Groups of Archival Records.

                                              More Places to Search

                                              Don't forget to look at these other sources for Poorhouse records:

                                              • City/County Archives. In fact, your much more likely to find specific records here than in the Provincial Archives. For instance, The City of Toronto Archives hold the books of the Toronto House of Refuge. The Toronto Branch of Ontario Ancestors has a project going on right now to get these indexed.
                                              • Internet Archive - remember to use a variety of search terms such as "poor house", "almshouse", "house of industry". And remember to include your location as well in the search. They have uploads from all over the world.
                                              • University and College Libraries
                                              • Google. If you know the name of the institution, try using Google. Some of these buildings have been turned into museums, especially in Ontario. Others, like the Waterloo County House of Industry and Refuge, are virtual museums giving an amazing amount of information on not only the residents, but the staff as well.
                                              • As always,Canadiana is a go-to source. "House Of Industry" resulted in 1756 hits. "Poor Asylum" gave 792 hits, and "poor house" gave 3408 hits.




                                              Sunday, 17 November 2019

                                              52 Ancestors: Week 44 - Cooking with The Nova Scotia Archives

                                              The Week 44 prompt for 52 Ancestors is "Trick or Treat". If you're like me, the word treat makes me think of the special desserts you only get to eat during special family get-togethers. So, for this post I decided to highlight a recent edition to the Nova Scotia Archives digital holdings.

                                              The new online database What's Cooking? Food, Drink and the Pleasures of Eating in Old-Time Nova Scotia is sure to be a hit with foodies and non foodies alike.

                                              https://novascotia.ca/archives/cooking/default.asp

                                              The Archives have put together an impressive collection of recipes and food history in the province. They've not only looked through their own holdings, but those of other institutions. They've even included a handy guide to help you interpret what some of the old ingredients and measurements mean in today's terms. You can zoom in and out on each image if you having trouble reading them. There is no way to download the recipes to your computer, unfortunately. However, you can try taking a screen shot and saving the image that way. A Google search can gives you several different programs that can do this. They've broken the collection down into several sections:


                                              Short History
                                              This section gives some background on the diet and cooking methods of Nova Scotians. They start with the very first French settlers that came with Samuel de Champlain, and discuss Acadians, Planters, and up to the twentieth century. As the section title suggests, it is not in depth, but it's a good read none the less.


                                              Collected Recipes
                                              The Archives has found and digitized 1096 recipes. The ones I looked at were all handwritten. They cover all kinds of cooking. I saw recipes for meat, for preserving, and for desserts. Some are instantly recognizable, such as Cornish Pasties. Other have exotic sounding names such as Mangaroo Pudding, which turns out to be a kind of sponge cake dessert. All the recipes are over 100 years old. You can see many of the cultural influences in them. It is a reflection of the early French, UK, and Prussian immigrants that settled the province. Here's a sampling of a few I found:




                                              Uniacke Family Recipes
                                              This collection is further sub divided:

                                              • Handwritten Recipe Book with the Initials R.J. - The initials are believed to belong to Rosina Jane Uniacke (1808-1858). Rosina was the wife of the Commissioner of Crown Lands and Attorney General of Nova Scotia, James Boyle Uniacke.
                                              • A Collection of Recipes - Various recipes found among the Uniacke material in the Nova Scotia Museum
                                              • A Collection of Recipes - Handwritten recipes from Dr. Carlin's  Last Receipte Book and Household Physician
                                              • Numbered Recipes from the Uniacke Family - among the traditional recipes are also household remedies. I found ones for toothache and making soap
                                              • A Collection of Recipes - This subset are attached to Geraldine Uniacke


                                              Digitized Cookbooks
                                              The Archives have digitized 17 cookbooks that were published between 1820 and 1950. Just click on a particular cookbook. You can then look at each one page by page. The titles are:

                                              • The Nova-Scotia Almanack (1820)
                                              • Cape Breton hand-book and tourist's guide compiled by E. Lockett, North Sydney and Sydney (1890)
                                              • Church of England Institute receipt book by Mrs. William (Mary) Lawson and Miss Alice Jones (1888)
                                              • Elementary text-book of cookery by Helen N. Bell (1898)
                                              • Farmers' Milk Facts for Halifax by Farmers' Limited, Halifax 
                                              • Kent Vinegars Recipe Book and Household Hints (c.1950)
                                              • Kitchen army nutrition and receipt book by Sydney Nutrition Committee (c. 1943)
                                              • The LaHave Cook Book by The Managers' Auxiliary of St. John's Church, Bridgewater, N.S. (1912)
                                              • One Hundred Recipes from Domestic Science School, Halifax, N.S. (1906)
                                              • The First Bite: Tasty Recipes from Holsum Bread by Ben's Bakery 
                                              • The Art of Cooking Made Easy by Hattie & Mylius, Limited, Wholesale Druggist, Halifax
                                              • The Bedford Recipe Book by The Ladies of All Saints Church Guild (1910)
                                              • The modern cook book for Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island
                                              • Tried and true: A handbook of choice cooking recipes by S.J. Sims and B.E. Hills (1902)
                                              • Grand-Pre Cook Book by Ladies' Aid of the Grand Pre United Church (1939)
                                              • Grand Pre cook book by Ladies Aid of the Grand Pre United Church (1940)
                                              • Favorite Recipes (1940)
                                              Along with meal recipes, you can also find household tips.


                                              Newspaper Supplements
                                              This section has 4 booklets that were added as supplements to newspapers:

                                              • Wartime Economy Book of Recipes for 1945 (Supplement to the 10 April 1945 Halifax Herald and Halifax Mail) - This contains the winners from a contest of over 8000 submissions
                                              • In "Letters to the Editor", Dorothy Sparling, Sydney, gave a number of African American recipes (February 1973 edition of Grasp) - The first page is a letter to the editor from Dorothy Sparling, highlighting recipes of African Nova Scotians
                                              • Cooking in Nova Scotia No. 1 (Supplement to the 20 February 1975 of the 4th Estate) - Reader submissions of recipes
                                              • An Indian Cookbook by The Native Communications Society of Nova Scotia (supplement to the February 1977 Micmac News) - Recipes and remedies from the Native Community
                                              Like the cookbook section, just click on a particular supplement and you can browse page by page


                                              Virtual Exhibit
                                              This section has an eclectic collection of visual images from around the province. There are 113 items in total. There are posters, diagrams, and photos. Some of the more interesting items I found among the collection are:

                                              Moirs Limited
                                              This landmark company started out as a bakery in 1830, and through the generations expanded into making chocolate and candy. Those iconic Pot of Gold chocolate boxes were just one of their creations. This collection has 122 recipes from the candy and chocolate side of the business. The Achives does warn that these recipes are for mass production. Some of them even include the Piece work rates for the workers in the factory. Among the recipes:
                                              • Fresh made Creams
                                              • XXX Gingerale
                                              • Molasses Taffy
                                              • Fresh made Vanilla Caramels

                                              Lobster Labels
                                              You can't think of Nova Scotia without thinking of lobsters. Perhaps it's because the province has been shipping lobsters around the world since the 1800's. According to the Archives, the first commercial cannery opened in Yarmouth in 1830. This section has a selection of the various labels that have been used by the commercial canneries through the years. Most even have recipes included. You can find recipes for salads, stews, appetizers, and even a lobster curry.


                                              Modern Method
                                              In this section the Archives team have converted 6 recipes using modern methods and conversions. They were kitchen and taste tasted. Just click on the digital image of the recipe you want to try. You'll get a modern translation of the recipe. The recipes are:





                                              Sunday, 1 September 2019

                                              52 Ancestors: Week 34 - Finding Coroner's Reports



                                              Week 33's theme for the 52 ancestors series of posts is "tragedy". When you have an ancestor who died in unusual circumstances, there might have been a coroner's, or chief medical examiner's, inquest. These inquests looked into these kinds of deaths. Because the coroner could interview people and look at evidence that would not qualify in a criminal court, one could find a wealth of information in them. These are the responsibility of provincial governments. As such, each province does things a little differently.

                                              So how to find out if your ancestor's death warranted an inquest? Well the first thing you'll want to look at is historical newspapers. Because of the circumstances in which inquests were held, newspapers would almost certainly have reported on it. Even if the death itself didn't make the news, the fact that a coroner would be looking into it would ensure that it made the news. Depending on the circumstances, you might even find articles on the proceedings themselves.

                                              The majority of Provinces today have a Coroner's Office. Alberta, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Manitoba have Offices of the Chief Medical Examiner. These provinces have modeled their death investigation systems after the US, while Coroner provinces have modeled their systems after the UK model. There are slight differences in how they do things, but the main elements are the same. Statistics Canada has been compiling a national database and has some background here. You can also see their findings investigating deaths from 2006-2008 here. It gives a general view of the types of deaths investigated. Even though it does not discuss individual cases, it is interesting reading.

                                              In both systems, the inquests and their findings were open to the public at the time they happened. However, now the average time restriction for access by the public is 100 years. Until that time, records are held by either the Coroner's Office, or the Attorney General. If the death you are looking at it is less than 100 years ago, your first course of action should be to contact the Coroner/ Chief Medical Officer's office. They would be able to let you know whether it is open access. If it is not, then they should also be able to direct you in whether you qualify for access to restricted records, and how to request access.  What I'm going to focus on is where to access open records.

                                              Provincial Archives of New Brunswick


                                              Provincial Archives
                                              The majority of Provincial Government records are deposited at Provincial Archives once they become open to the public. I did some searching on their websites, and these types of records will require an on site visit. Or, you can hire a researcher if that's not possible for you.


                                              • The Rooms in Newfoundland has a few records as part of their Supreme Court Fonds
                                              • The Public Archives and Record Office  of Prince Edward Island have them as part of the Attorney general Fonds
                                              • The Nova Scotia Archives has inquest records among their County Court Fonds. Not all districts have surviving records.
                                              • I checked the County Guides at the Provincial Archives of New Brunswick, but I cold not find specific mention of Coroner's Inquest records. My suggestion would be to contact the Archives directly.
                                              • BAnQ in Quebec holds historic coroner's inquest reports. They have several different fonds and files in their online search. Because there are BAnQ Archives across the province, you will want to pay special attention to which location the record is kept at.
                                              • As usual, the Archives of Ontario has a comprehensive research guide for coroner's reports. Here is their PDF guide Criminal Justice Records at the Archives of Ontario. Scroll down to the Coroner's Reports section.
                                              • The Archives of Manitoba hold records covering 1870-1916
                                              • The Provincial Archives of Saskatchewan's search capabilites are transitioning to new software. Because of that, I could not definitely say they have coroner's reports. 
                                              • The Provincial Archives of Alberta has coroner's inquests in several collections.
                                              • Coroner Reports are part of the Ministry of Attorney General fonds at the BC Archives.

                                              Local County, Municipal and University Archives
                                              If you can't find what you're looking for at the Provincial level, try looking at more location specific archives. For whatever reason, these smaller archives may have obtained the records. You may also find collections relating to coroners themselves. For instance:


                                              Canada Gazette and Provincial Gazettes
                                              In the past, I wrote a blog post about what a great resource the Canada Gazette is. Though a federal publication, I did find some interesting results looking for "coroner's inquest". Here's a page thathas a proclamation saying that a Mr. William E Brainerd has a warrant out for his arrest due to the findings in the shooting death of his mother:

                                              Also check Provincial Government gazettes. Historical issues can be found in provincial archives.


                                              Canadiana
                                              A search on Canadiana using the words "coroner inquest" resulted in over 7,000 results. Look at this gem titled Authentic report of the proceedings of a coroner's inquest held upon the body of Job Broom





                                              Some Final Tips
                                              • Make sure you contact the Archives before you visit. Sometimes records are stored off site, and require some notice to have them ready for you.
                                              • Don't limit your search to government record collections. As I showed in the examples above, information can be found in family fond collections.
                                              • On that note, take some time to research who the Coroner/Chief Medical Examiner was in your ancestor's place and time period. By searching their name, you might find additional record sets. 
                                              • Now for the downside: a lot of these records did not survive. So, just because you found mention of an inquest in the newspaper does not mean that you will have a record of the proceedings. But the information you might glean from these records make it worth the search.

                                              Sunday, 14 July 2019

                                              52 Ancestors: Week 28 - Acadian Research





                                              This week's 52 Ancestors prompt is "Reunion". If you have Acadian Ancestry, then you probably know that this year is the Congres Mondial Acadien (CMA). Held every four years, it is a huge celebration for those with Acadian roots. Each one is hosted by a different region of the original Acadian settlers. This year's celebration runs from August 10 to 24, and the host communities are spread across Prince Edward Island and southeastern New Brunswick. I'm a little disappointed not to be able to go, as my maternal side settled in Shippegan and Memramcook. Along with other special events, there are family reunions scheduled across the host areas. These reunions are held for any descendants of a particular Acadian surname. So far the list of reunions scheduled are:


                                              • Arsenault
                                              • Babin
                                              • Babineau(x)-Granger
                                              • Barrieau/Barriault
                                              • Belliveu/Beliveau
                                              • Boudreau/Boudrot/Boudreault/Boudreaux/Budrow
                                              • Bourgeois/Bourjeois/Bushway/Bushwa/Blaise/Burgess
                                              • Breau/Breault/Breaud/Breaux/Bau/Braux/Breault/Braud/Bro/Brod/Brot/Brough/Brow/Browe
                                              • Broussard
                                              • Caisse/Caissey/Quessy/Roger
                                              • Chevarie/Chavarie/Cheverie/Chevary/Etcheverie/D'Etcheverie
                                              • Cormier
                                              • Cyr
                                              • Daigle/D'Aigre/Desgre/Deagle
                                              • Damour/D'Amour/D'Amours
                                              • Duguay/Dugue/Dugay/Dougay
                                              • Forest/Foret/Forrest
                                              • Gaudet
                                              • Gauvin/Gauvain/Govan/Govang/Gavin/Govin
                                              • Girouard/Giroir/Gerrior and the Acadians of Tor Bay
                                              • Goguen/Bristol dit Williams
                                              • Granger
                                              • Guedry/Guidry/Gaidry/Geddry/Jeddry/Labine/Labean/Petipas/Pettipas/Pitts
                                              • Hache/Hachey/Hachez/Hashi/Hashie/Ache/Achee/Gallant/Galland/Gallan/Galan
                                              • Hebert
                                              • Landry/Londere/Landre/Laundry/Londre/Londry
                                              • LeBlanc
                                              • Leger/Legere/Trahan
                                              • Mallet/Mallais/Malley
                                              • Maillet
                                              • Martin
                                              • Melanson
                                              • Morin
                                              • Richard
                                              • Robichaud/Robicheau/Robichaux/Robicheaux/Robichon/Robichung/Robshaw/Robertshaw/Robinson
                                              • Roy
                                              • Thibodeau/Thibodeaux/Thibaudault/Thibault/Thibaut/Thibeault

                                              If your tree is like mine, you would have a hard time deciding which ones to go to! I have most of these surnames in my tree.

                                              There's still time to plan your trip. You can visit the CMA's website to get all the details. Even if going isn't in the cards for you, it doesn't mean you can't spend some time researching your Acadian ancestors instead. So I decided to list some great websites to further your Acadian research.

                                              Nova Scotia Archives
                                              This is a great resource if your researching your earliest Acadian ancestors. New Brunswick used to be part of Nova Scotia, so a lot of the Acadian research you want will be part of the Nova Scotia Archives. While not everything they have is online, they have some great online collections. I wrote a blog post back in 2017 on their online Acadian collections. You can see my post here. mt particular favourite in the digitization and indexing of The Registers of St. Jean-Baptiste, Annapolis Royal, 1702-1755 in the collection called An Acadian Parish Remembered.


                                              Acadian & French-Canadian Ancestral Home
                                              This website is run by Lucie LeBlanc Consentino. Lucie is a well respected Acadian speaker and researcher, and her website has fully sourced information on Acadians both pre and post deportation. She has compiled information on:
                                              • Cemeteries
                                              • DNA
                                              • Census records
                                              • History
                                              • First Nations and Metis
                                              • Deportation Records
                                              • Book Lists
                                              • Newspapers
                                              • The Jesuits
                                              • Research Aids
                                              • Births, Marriages, and Deaths
                                              If you descend from the LeBlanc family, Lucie has also compiled information on them as well. 


                                              Acadian-Cajun Genealogy & History
                                              Run by Tim Hebert, this is another amazing website to help further your research. Tim gives detailed information on the history and life of Acadians and Cajuns. Among his gems are:
                                              • Census transcriptions
                                              • Links and microfilm numbers at provincial archives for church records
                                              • Information on obtaining notarial records
                                              • Genealogies
                                              • How-to's
                                              • Links to other websites
                                              This website does not appear to have been updated in quite awhile, so some information is out of date. However, it is a fantastic starting point for your research.


                                              Les Amis de Grand-Pre
                                              This society promotes Acadian culture and history in the Grand-Pre area. On their website you can access information such as articles, maps and transcriptions of records from the region. In particular, you should look at their transcriptions of the only 3 surviving registers of St-Charles-des-Mines. There are both English and French versions, so don't worry if your French isn't very good. To help you out, here are the links to the PDFs of the English versions:
                                              You'll also want to look at the birthsmarriages, and deaths for St-Joseph-de-la-Rivière-aux-Canards. There is some dispute as to whether the people here were part of the St-Charles-des-Mines parish, or were a parish of their own. These entries are a compilation of other sources.


                                              These are just a few sites to help your research. Check out my tab of Acadian Research Links for more sites. If you have any to add, feel free to provide links in the comment section.



                                              Monday, 22 April 2019

                                              52 Ancestors: Week 16 - Merchant Marine Records on Family Search

                                              https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9WB-Q4ZF?i=10&wc=MXM9-WP8%3A387479201&cc=2057673



                                              This week's 52 Ancestor's prompt is "Out of Place". If you have maritime ancestors, then you know they can turn up in any location. A good record set covering Canadian ports is the collection Canada, Merchant Marine Agreements and Accounts of Crews, 1890-1920 on Family Search.

                                              This collection is a browse only collection. This means that it is not indexed, so if you use the regular search engine, you will not get hits from here. According to the Wiki of the collection, it covers mainly ports in British Columbia, and mostly Victoria. However, you can find records from Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and a few ports outside Canada.

                                              Agreements and Crew Lists can give you valuable clues of your ancestor. Among the information you can find in the agreements are:


                                              • Year and place of birth
                                              • Date of sailing and route
                                              • Their position on the crew
                                              • Previous ship they sailed on
                                              • Death information
                                              • Pay
                                              It helps to know the ship they sailed on when looking at the collection. However, if you don't it just means more time spent browsing. Each microfilm holds the index and images for 5-7 boxes of records. It is set up that first there will be an index to each ship's records in a particular box. The images proceeding that are the crew lists and agreements relating to that index. They seem to go into chronological order. Then there will be the index for the next box, and then the images relating to that index. Here is the index for box 1 on microfilm 1:
                                              https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-99WY-YJ31?i=8&wc=MXM9-WWL%3A387479701&cc=2057673

                                              https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-89WY-YNVP?i=9&wc=MXM9-WWL%3A387479701&cc=2057673

                                              Because there are multiple boxes on each microfilm, you will have to to do some jumping around between images to find what you need. If a particular index doesn't have what you want, I found a fairly quick way to find the next index. At the bottom of each image, it states what box and file number an image belongs to:

                                              https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G9WY-YN2C?i=10&wc=MXM9-WWL%3A387479701&cc=2057673

                                              By jumping ahead by 50 images or so at a time, I was able to find where the next box's images were, and then go back page by page to find the index. I found that each box runs just over 400 images or so. 

                                              Once you find a crew list you want to look at, the first page will be the over all particulars of the ship. 
                                              https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-99WB-M93Q-5?i=287&wc=MXM9-WZS%3A387479901&cc=2057673

                                              The next few pages are crew registers:

                                              https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9WB-M9QF-N?i=289&wc=MXM9-WZS%3A387479901&cc=2057673


                                              https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-99WB-M934-4?i=290&wc=MXM9-WZS%3A387479901&cc=2057673



                                              What is really neat is that the crew had to sign, so you can also obtain a copy of your ancestor's handwriting. Look at this one where you can actually get street addresses:

                                              https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-99WB-M933-9?i=327&wc=MXM9-WZS%3A387479901&cc=2057673


                                              After the crew particulars, I also found some telegrams and correspondence linked with some of the ships. My maritime ancestor Dugald McArthur was a ship's cook and steward on Scottish vessels. His period of time sailing was before this collection starts, so I knew that there wouldn't be a chance of finding him in here at all. But it's quite an interesting read none the less. If your ancestor was connected to a particular ship for a long time, you're in luck. While scanning the indexes, I saw certain ships mentioned repeatedly, especially if Victoria, BC was their home port. It would be quite possible to trace decades of sailing for a particular vessel.

                                              If you are looking for the originals of these images, they are in the custody of the Royal BC Museum and Archives in Victoria, British Columbia.

                                              Saturday, 30 March 2019

                                              52 Ancestors: Week 13 - Historical Newspapers in Nova Scotia




                                              Large collections of historical newspapers on line are hard to find in Canada. If you have Nova Scotia ancestors, you'll want to check out the collection of digitized historical papers you access through Libraries, Archives, and Museums Nova Scotia.

                                              This collection is a collaboration between LAM NS, Nova Scotia Archives, the Beaton Institute (Cape Breton University), and the Angus L. MacDonald Library (St. Francis Xavier University). The collection spans from 1769 to 2003. Some are in PDF form, while others are not. The PDF versions are keyword searchable.Just press Ctrl and F to show a search bar in the top right.

                                              These collections are by no means complete. Some papers are only 1 or 2 editions, others have several. This website provides direct links to the three partner institutions' digital collections. What is really unique about the collections is that there are cultural newspapers for French, Gaelic and Native populations. The papers available are:


                                              English

                                              • Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser - Halifax
                                              • The Royal American Gazette - Shelburne
                                              • The Port-Roseway Gazetteer and Shelburne Advertiser
                                              • The Nova Scotia-Packet and General Advertiser - Shelburne
                                              • Acadian Recorder - Halifax
                                              • Liverpool Tanscript
                                              • The Bee - Pictou
                                              • The Atlantic Advocate - Haifax
                                              • The Tiny Tattler -Central Grove, Digby Neck
                                              • The 4th Estate - Halifax
                                              • The Nova Scotia Gleaner - Sydney
                                              • Guysborough Journal 



                                              French

                                              • Le Courrier de la Nouvelle-Ecosse - Meteghan River


                                              Gaelic
                                              • An Solus luil - Guiding Light - Sydney
                                              • Fear na Ceilidh - The Visitor -  Sydney
                                              • Mosgladh - Awakening - Sydney
                                              • Teachdaire nan Gaidheal - Then Messengers of the Gaels - Sydney
                                              • Am Braighe - Higher Ground - Mabou
                                              • An Cuairtear Og Gaelach - The Gaelic Tourist - Antigonish


                                              Native 
                                              • Billa Na Queg - A New Day - Eskasoni
                                              • Micmac News - Membertou

                                              The digital images of the publications are a treat. They are very clear and crisp. When you consider just how old some of these editions are, it's amazing. Take a look at this one from the Nova Scotia Gleaner. Even though the original is not in pristine condition, you'll have no trouble reading it.

                                              http://beaton.cbu.ca/atom/newspapers/nsgleaner/NovaScotiaGleaner-1929-10-05.pdf


                                              Here's one from the Atlantic Advocate discussing prohibition:

                                              https://novascotia.ca/archives/newspapers/archives.asp?ID=3496

                                              Please take note of a few things though:

                                              • The newspapers on the Nova Scotia Archives site cannot be downloaded to your computer. 

                                              • I had trouble accessing the papers from the Angus L. MacDonald Library. The server kept timing out on me. I did find a work around though. Use this link to access their digital collections. While you're at it, take a look at the other digitized material they have. It looks pretty interesting.

                                              Friday, 1 March 2019

                                              52 Ancestors: Week 9 - The Canadian Court System and where to find records







                                              Week 9 of 52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks has the prompt "At the Courthouse". If you're new to Canadian research, it is important to know a little about the Canadian Court System to find the records you need.

                                              There are two main court systems that genealogists concern themselves with. The Provincial/ Territorial Courts, and the Provincial Supreme Court (or Court of the Queen's Bench). The majority of records that genealogists look for will be in one of these two options. Of course, as with anything else, each province does things a little differently. So who covers what?



                                              Newfoundland and Labrador

                                              The Newfoundland Provincial Court handles the following:
                                              • Youth crimes
                                              • Civil Court cases up to $25,000
                                              • Criminal cases except Indictable Offenses (also known as Felonies in the American Court system)
                                              • Inquiries of accidental or mysterious deaths or fires
                                              • Family law  (Adoption, Child Support, Paternity, Marriages not performed in a church, for example)
                                              • Provincial Offenses
                                              The Supreme Court of Newfoundland handles the following:
                                              • Civil Court cases over $25,000
                                              • Wills and Estates
                                              • Divorce
                                              • Guardianship of minors' personal affairs and finances
                                              • Appeals of decisions from the Provincial Courts
                                              • Criminal Cases of Indictable Offenses
                                              Take note that in some areas of Newfoundland, there is no Family Court at the Provincial Court. In these cases, one would look to the Supreme Court for the records pertaining to Family law.



                                              Prince Edward Island
                                              The Provincial Court of Prince Edward Island handles minor criminal cases, Youth Law, and provincial offences

                                              The Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island handles the following:
                                              • Wills and Estates
                                              • All Family Law
                                              • Small Claims Court
                                              • More serious criminal cases
                                              • Appeals from tribunals and the Provincial Court
                                              The Prince Edward Island Court of Appeal handles the appeals from the other two courts.



                                              Nova Scotia
                                              The Provincial Court of Nova Scotia has jurisdiction of the following:
                                              • All criminal cases except Murder
                                              • Inquiries into suspicious deaths
                                              • Youth Justice Act
                                              • Family Court  matters outside the municipalities of Cape Breton and Halifax
                                              • Small Claims Court handles civil cases under $25,000
                                              • Provincial Offenses
                                              The Supreme Court of Nova Scotia presides over:
                                              • Murder cases
                                              • Family law in the municipal districts of Cape Breton and Halifax
                                              • Appeals from the lower Courts
                                              • Divorce
                                              • Bankruptcy
                                              • Civil cases over $25,000

                                              Wills and Estates are handles through the Probate Court of Nova Scotia.

                                              Nova Scotia Court of Appeal is where final appeals from the Supreme Court are held.



                                              New Brunswick
                                              • Youth Criminal Justice
                                              • Criminal matters except murder
                                              • Provincial offenses

                                              • Murder cases
                                              • The Family Law division handles all matters relating to Family Law
                                              • Appeals of the Provincial Court
                                              • All Civil cases
                                              Wills and Estates are handled through the Probate Court of New Brunswick.

                                              The New Brunswick Court of Appeal handles appeals from the Court of Queen's Bench.



                                              Quebec
                                              Because of the complex balancing act that Quebec performs between French and English law, the first thing you should do is read the Court of Quebec's webpage of their history. Quebec is unique to the rest of Canada in that it's civil code originated from French law, yet it's criminal code follows English law.

                                              The Court of Quebec is divided into divisions. According to the website, the Civil Division handles 

                                               "...all plaintiff claims involving monetary value or interest – in relation to the object of the dispute – that are less than $85,000, except claims for alimony, class actions and those reserved for the Federal Court of Canada...".  

                                              If the amount of the claim is less than $15,000, it is handled by the Small Claims Court. 

                                              The Criminal and Penal Division handles any criminal proeedings that are not under the jurisdiction of the Provincial Superior Court.

                                              The Youth Division handles:
                                              • Youth Criminal Justice
                                              • Adoption
                                              • Welfare of Minors

                                              The Superior Court of Quebec has jurisdiction over:
                                              • Appeals of other Courts
                                              • Family Law
                                              • Bankruptcies
                                              • Civil cases over $70,000
                                              • Jury Trials in Criminal matters
                                              • Wills and Estates
                                              The Court of Appeal of Quebec handles appeals from the Superior Court, and also in lower courts in certain circumstances.



                                              Ontario
                                              The Ontario Court of Justice has jurisdiction over:
                                              • Family law is practiced in the Family Court
                                              • Most criminal cases are tried in the Criminal Court
                                              • Provincial offenses
                                              • Child Protection
                                              • Adoptions
                                              • Youth Criminal Justice
                                              • Appeals from lower Courts
                                              • Serious Criminal Matters
                                              • Wills and Estates 
                                              • Bankruptcy
                                              • All civil matters. If under $25,000 it is handled through the Small Claims Court
                                              • All Family Law not covered by the Ontario Court of Justice
                                              • Divorce

                                              Keep in mind matters relating to spousal or child support, and child custody/ access can be handled by either court.


                                              The Court of Appeal for Ontario handles appeals from all lower courts.



                                              Manitoba
                                              The Provincial Court of Manitoba has jurisdiction over almost all criminal matters. Outside of Winnipeg, they also handle a limited amount of Family Law.

                                              The Court of Queen's Bench has 2 divisions:

                                              The General Division deals with criminal and civil litigation matters. The also hear appeals from the Provincial Court.

                                              The Family Division handles all cases pertaining to Family Law and Child Welfare.

                                              The Court of Queen's Bench is also where Wills and Estates are handled.

                                              The Manitoba Court of Appeal handles the appeals from the lower courts.



                                              Saskatchewan
                                              The Saskatchewan Provincial Court has jurisdiction over the following:

                                              • Most criminal cases
                                              • Civil cases up to $30,000
                                              • Some Family Law matters, but only those outside Regina, Saskatoon and Prince Albert
                                              • Traffic and municipal laws

                                              The Court of Queen Bench for Saskatchewan handles:
                                              • The most serious criminal cases
                                              • Civil cases over $30,000
                                              • Divorce and division of assets
                                              • Custody and access to children
                                              • Wills and Estates
                                              • Appeals from the Provincial Court
                                              The Court of Appeal handles appeals from the other courts



                                              Alberta
                                              The Provincial Court of Alberta has jurisdiction over:
                                              • Most of the criminal cases 
                                              • Most civil cases under $50,000
                                              • Child support, custody and access
                                              • Spousal support
                                              • Guardianship
                                              • The most serious criminal offenses
                                              • Civil cases over $50,000
                                              • Divorce and division of property
                                              • Wills and Estates
                                              • Appeals from the Provincial Court
                                              The Court of Appeal of Alberta handles appeals from the other courts



                                              British Columbia
                                              The Provincial Court of British Columbia has jurisdiction over:
                                              • Child Welfare
                                              • Child custody and access
                                              • Adult guardianship
                                              • Spousal and child support
                                              • Civil claims $5,001 to $35,000
                                              • Most criminal cases
                                              • Youth Criminal justice
                                              • Provincial and municipal offenses
                                              • Appeals from the Provincial Court
                                              • Civil claims over $35,000
                                              • Divorce and Division of Property
                                              • Adoptions
                                              • Wills and Estates
                                              The Court of Appeal of British Columbia handles appeals from the lower courts.



                                              Yukon
                                              The Yukon Territorial Court has jurisdiction over:
                                              • Most criminal cases
                                              • Youth Justice cases
                                              • Child protection
                                              • Civil cases under $25,000
                                              • Appeals from the Territorial Court
                                              • The most serious criminal cases
                                              • Divorce and division of property
                                              • Custody and Access
                                              • Child and spousal support
                                              • Wills and Estates
                                              The Court of Appeal of Yukon handles appeals from the lower courts. Take note that the BC Court of Appeal also handles cases from the Yukon. If you can't find a record of it in the Yukon, check in Vancouver as well. The judges from this court also sit in the Appeals Courts of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.



                                              Northwest Territories
                                              • Most criminal cases
                                              • Territorial offenses
                                              • Child protection
                                              • Custody and Support
                                              • Civil cases up to $35,000
                                              • Appeals from the Provincial Courts
                                              • More serious criminal cases
                                              • Divorce
                                              • Wills and Estates
                                              • Civil cases over $35,000
                                              The Court of Appeal for the Northwest Territories handles appeals from the lower courts. The judges also sit in the Appeals Courts of the Yukon and Nunavut. In special cases, they can also deal with cases from Alberta.

                                              Youth Justice cases be heard in either the Territorial Court or the Supreme Court.



                                              Nunavut
                                              The territory of Nunavut is unique in Canada. The Nunavut Court of Justice handles all civil, criminal, Probate, and Family Law matters. There is no division between a Territorial and Supreme Court.

                                              The Nunavut Youth Court handles cases relating to Youth Criminal Justice.

                                              The Nunavut Court of Appeal handles all appeals. The judges also sit for the Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Alberta Appeals Courts.



                                              A final note, if your ancestor is Indigenous. Many of the Provinces have special courts for cases involving Indigenous or Aboriginal people. These courts work hand in hand with the Native communities. From what I understand, community elders have a say in matters that come before the courts, with a focus on reformation and community involvement.